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Citing and Writing Guide: IEEE

Information on writing and grammar, copyright, and citation styles.

In Text Citations

 IEEE uses bracketed numbers for in-text citations that function as either a footnote or as a noun. They are always listed in order of use and will continually be referred to by their first use number. 


Examples

Computer Science is both a science and a technology [1].

As stated in [1] computer science is both a science and a technology.

***NOTE that all references should be referred to as their number within the body of your paper***


When referring to a specific section, chapter, pages, etc... list the details within the bracket following the citation number. 

Example

For a chapter [2, Ch. 1]

For a certain page or pages [3, p.7] or [4, pp. 15-20]

For an appendix [5, Appendix III]

For a table [6, Table VI]

For a figure [7, Fig. 1]


Multiple References

When referring to multiple references you cite them in numerical order, within their own brackets, and separated by either a comma or a dash. 

Examples

Writing a sentence with 2 separate references [7], [10]. 

Writing a sentence with multiple, consecutive references [8] - [10]. 

Reference List

Book

[Citation Number]      Author's first Initial. Author's last name, Title, volume, edition. City, State (abbreviation), Country: Publisher, year. 

[1]      E.J. Larson, Summer for the Gods. New York, NY, USA: Basic Books, 2006. 

  • Ordered by numerical citation
  • Editions are listed, unless there is only one edition
  • Months are abbreviated to 3-4 letters
  • If an article has a doi (digital object identifier) always use that
  • Titles for different resources have different capitalization rules

eBook

[Citation Number]      Author's first Initial. Author's last name, Title, volume, edition. City, State (abbreviation), Country: Publisher, year. [Online]. Available: URL. Accessed month day, year. 

[2]      M.A. Barstow and J.B. Holberg, Extreme Ultraviolet Astronomy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003. [Online]. Available: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=nlebk&AN=120309&site=ehost-live&custid=ogl1. Accessed July 20, 2020. 

  • Ordered by numerical citation
  • Editions are listed, unless there is only one edition
  • Months are abbreviated to 3-4 letters
  • If an article has a doi (digital object identifier) always use that
  • Titles for different resources have different capitalization rules

Book Chapter

[Citation Number]      Author's first Initial. Author's last name, "Chapter," in Title, volume, edition. City, State (abbreviation), Country: Publisher, year, chapter number, section, page range. 

[3]     S. Sheinkin, "Part 2: Chain Reactions," in Bomb: the Race to Build-and Steal-the World's Most Dangerous Weapon. New York, NY, USA: Flash Point, 2012, ch. 2, pp. 43-88. 

  • Ordered by numerical citation
  • Editions are listed, unless there is only one edition
  • Months are abbreviated to 3-4 letters
  • If an article has a doi (digital object identifier) always use that
  • Titles for different resources have different capitalization rules

Article

[Citation Number]      Author's first Initial. Author's last name, "Title," Journal, volume, number, page range, month year, doi.

[4]     D.D. Rupert, A.C. Nowlan, O.H. Tam, and M. Gale Hammel, "Ten simple rules for running a successful women-in-STEM organization on an academic campus," PLoS Computational Biology, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 1-9, May 2020, doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007754.

  • Ordered by numerical citation
  • Editions are listed, unless there is only one edition
  • Months are abbreviated to 3-4 letters
  • If an article has a doi (digital object identifier) always use that
  • Titles for different resources have different capitalization rules

Website

[Citation Number]      Author's first Initial. Author's last name, "Page." Website. URL (accessed month day, year).

[5]     J. Wattles, "SpaceX to reuse rocket from historic astronaut mission to launch satellite." CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/20/tech/spacex-launch-south-korea-satellite-scn/index.html (accessed July 20, 2020). 

  • Ordered by numerical citation
  • Editions are listed, unless there is only one edition
  • Months are abbreviated to 3-4 letters
  • If an article has a doi (digital object identifier) always use that
  • Titles for different resources have different capitalization rules